![]() Tim Caro, an evolutionary ecologist at the University of California, Davis, who has extensively studied the relationship between zebra stripes and biting flies, says it’s possible the lightly colored stripes wouldn’t deter flies as successfully as regular black stripes.Īlthough we don’t know for sure how dark stripes have to be to successfully thwart flies, the fact that so few golden zebras seem to exist indicates that the trait is likely harmful in some way, says Caro. While we don’t yet know precisely every function that zebras’ bold stripes serve ( there isn’t any evidence that stripes deter predators or act as camouflage, for example) there is strong evidence that their stripes ward off biting flies. These types of unusual-looking zebras lay their heads on each other, mate, and generally do normal zebra stuff.īut while social acceptance isn’t an issue, Barsh and Larison say it’s possible that partially albino wild zebras could face challenges when it comes to self-protection. ![]() Unauthorized use is prohibited.Īnd in the wild, other types of differently colored zebras (like spotted zebras, and zebras that appear to have extra black stripes) also fit in fine with the herd, says Barsh. Ren Larison, a biologist at the University of California, Los Angeles, who has received funding from the National Geographic Society, notes that the “blonde” male zebras at the private reserve in Mount Kenya behave “as stallions with harems”-the standard zebra grouping of a single male and several females. Pitamitz’s photographs “provide confirmation that animals with the condition can survive in the wild that they are seemingly accepted by ‘normal’ zebras,” says Barsh. He says the sighting indicates that the genetic variant responsible for partial albinism may be distributed more widely, in and around Kenya, than we were aware of before. Another, named Zoe, was born with the condition at a zoo in Hawaii and spent her life at a sanctuary until her death in 2017. A few dozen partially albino zebras live on a private reserve in Mount Kenya National Park. The animals are so rarely found that, despite some reported sightings in the wild, they’ve only been confirmed to exist in captivity. “Nothing is known about albinism in zebras,” says Barsh by email. As a result, stripes appear pale in color. Partial albinism means that the animal has significantly less melanin-a natural pigment found in skin-than typical zebras. (See pictures of zebras in National Geographic magazine.) The golden-colored zebra likely has partial albinism, a condition very rarely seen in zebras, confirm several scientists, including Greg Barsh, a geneticist at the HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology. But as he watched the animal wade into the water and start drinking, he noticed that the “dust” wasn’t washing off. ![]() “At first I thought it was a zebra that had rolled in the dust,” says Pitamitz. As dozens of the animals slowly meandered into the clearing, he spotted something unusual in the middle of the herd: A pop of white. Near a watering hole in a quiet valley in Tanzania’s Serengeti National Park on February 17, photographer Sergio Pitamitz hoped to capture some images of migrating zebras.
0 Comments
![]() It is a clean implementation and very easy to use and configure. Since I started using Start Menu 8, I have had NO issues with the start menu. I have struggled for the last few years with several different solutions, both paid and free. As I do not like the Metro screen in Windows 8, I like to use a start menu replacement solution to get my Windows 7 look and feel back. This way I can keep the machine clutter free and only install the tools I need for that project. I like to create a new virtual machine for each of my projects. If you really want to have it more like windows 7, you'll need a program such as Classic Start Menu which is part of the Classic Shell programs. From there you can just start typing and the search bar automatically shows up. "As a technology consultant and application developer, I rely on virtualization software a lot. If you move the mouse to the bottom left and click, or press the win key, you get the start menu. They answered quickly and gave me the solution to my problem in no time! Since, I’m even more a fan of IObit and looking forward for their next release." Juerg In addition I had once a small issue with it and couldn’t solve it by myself, so I wrote to the IObit support team without many hopes…. "Even thought I’m not a green horn, I was lost the first time I used Win 8 and was more than happy to get the help of “Start Menu 8” which saves me time and allows me not to change my habits too much. The Windows 8 interface, called Metro, did away with the Start button and replaced it with the flat-paneled menu used on Windows phones and tablets." Cnet They are an extension of the apps you use (or the apps you develop), providing instant access to relevant content without costing battery life or slowing down performance."Start Menu 8 recaptures the navigation structure that you are familiar with from Windows 7. The result is that the tiles aren’t apps-they are a system-provided surface that can quickly tell you what’s new with your app. The tiles are cached, so they can load instantly when you go to Start. If every app launched and loaded a process when you entered Start (the traditional “gadget” model), it would slow down the performance of navigating to it, scrolling, etc.Īlice explained: “To address this, the Start screen uses a single process to pull down notifications from the Windows Notification Service and keep the tiles up to date. The concern of long battery life and instant performance were also important to the experience of any mobile device. This is a really step up from Windows 7 that can’t scale the results.īut… All of these wasn’t that easy, Microsoft knew they needed to be able to load live tiles instantly and efficiently. Microsoft’s Start screen also improves the search experience, now the user can simply start typing and Windows will instantly start a search through different parts of the operating system, applications, and other data. This was something impossible with Windows’ 7 Start menu that only provided a simple flat list. Also the new Start screen allows the end-users to group apps any way they want with live tiles that always display important information. The new Start screen was designed to address these issues by providing a larger space with more connectivity, a better interface to open and operate apps. ![]() Microsoft found that average PCs are cluttered with an array of system notifications, long lists of folders on the Start menu and shortcuts, plus many applications are installed over the time making it difficult to organize and group what is important. And thanks to many feedback from engineers, designers, developers, IT workers, and other power users, we now have a new Start in Windows 8. “The Start screen is not just a replacement for the Start menu - it is designed to be a great launcher and switcher of apps, a place that is alive with notifications, customizable, powerful, and efficient.” Alice said. At the end of the day, Microsoft noticed that the menu didn’t keep with the modern way in which we all use our PCs today, and there is a new trending in the replacement of the Start menu. She also said about the Start menu: ” It affords limited customization, provides virtually no useful information, and offers only a small space for search results.” Press the Windows logo key + I to get to Settings, then select Personalization > Taskbar. Three caveats: First, it’s too small for. If you can't see Start or your taskbar, the taskbar may be hidden. All of the code is built into Windows itself. In a post published at the Building Windows 8 blog, Alice Steinglass explained that after various studies, Microsoft realized that the classic Start menu was mostly used to launch applications that you rarely use, and that more users are using the taskbar as the place to start a new application. You can add a Start menuof sortsto the Windows 8.1 taskbar without installing a third-party program. On Tuesday Microsoft explained why they replaced the classic Start menu with the new Start screen. ![]() Woman who suspected her fiancé was cheating discovered he was a paedophile days after their baby was born when she opened his phone to find nude images of underage girls.I accidentally transferred £23,000 instead of £23 from my elderly mother's account to pay for her Virgin Media phone bill: Where has it gone?.the people who unwittingly fell victim to everday life TRAPPED in urban Britain: From being locked in a toilet for four days, falling down a drain and getting stuck inside an arcade machine.Putin's nuclear warning to the West: Russian nuke bombers engage in war games drill ahead of NATO summit over Ukraine in latest WW3 sabre-rattling.Russian warplanes buzz American Reaper drones and drop flares in front of them for the second time in 24 hours over Syria as US military condemns 'reckless behavior'.Caroline Nokes says she's been subject to around 50 'creepy' incidents in Westminster - including fellow MPs 'patting' her backside or putting their hands on her thighs as Tory ex-minister reveals she avoids certain politicians in lifts.'This isn't Grand Theft Auto, this is real life': Heartbroken father of innocent Elle Edwards says he hopes his daughter's killer 'rots in hell' ahead of sentencing today.Viva el sunbed police! Another hotel worker wins praise for removing towels from the loungers in Tenerife.Where's Mossy, Nikolai? Kate Moss was 'nowhere to be seen' at her beloved Glasto this year - as pictures emerge of her high society partner Von Bismarck partying with pals at the festival amid rumours of a split.Empire Cinemas collapses into administration with six UK locations shut down and 150 jobs lost.City of York branded a place of 'casual, systemic and structural racism' in council-funded study sparking fury from Tory councillors who say it is 'a very friendly and tolerant place'.and announces which of his children won Succession-like battle for his empire ![]() Silvio Berlusconi leaves €100 MILLION to his girlfriend, 33, in his will and €30 million to mafia-linked associate.Woman leaves heartfelt note for 'shining star' after smash at £16,000-a-year primary school as witness recalls 'horrendous crying and wailing': Police quiz driver of Land Rover that 'killed girl, 8, and injured baby'.REVEALED: All the rumored iPhone 15 changes and new features - from an entirely new charging port, a 'smash-proof' case and two new colors.Can you answer these questions from TV's top quiz shows? From Eggheads to Mastermind find out if you have what it takes to walk away with the top prize.When did you realise you married the wrong person? From being ditched while on honeymoon to a husband ignoring the dog as it sparked a FIRE - divorcees reveal when they knew their relationships were over.Killers who stabbed Tory party activist's son to death in London when they mistook him for gang rival as he walked to Waitrose are found guilty of his murder.SNP demands ALL drugs are decriminalised for personal use saying addiction is a 'health' issue not a matter for the courts.BBC bosses vow to save EastEnders 'at all costs' as fans switch off in their droves thanks to its 'unbearably woke' storylines - from 'Walford's own Greta Thunberg' to Sharon Watts likening Brexit to Covid.easyJet crew removes 19 passengers from flight back to Britain from Lanzarote - because the plane was 'too HEAVY to take off'.Inquest hears heartbreaking tragedy of four young boys who died when one fell through frozen lake while going to feed ducks and the others drowned trying to rescue him. ![]() Early comparisons were rife, with the band’s success being credited to their Jeff Buckley-eque emotion and Radiohead’s alienating experimental sound of the time. Relaxing in the presence of Nelson however, the band played with tempo, mood and all together calmed the eff down. Ken Nelson was finally brought on as the man for the job and has been quoted as describing the band as initially rushed and uptight, not at all the Coldplay we have come to love. Had the recording sessions gone as planned, we may have missed out on one of the biggest songs of the century as Martin had not yet penned the romantic, haunting and infamous Yellow. After breaking again to go back and write, it seems timing was the key. Chris Allen, the man originally charged with production ended up producing only one song on the track list, High Speed, stating that in their early sessions Coldplay were “not together at all”. ![]() Originally planning to record the entire LP in two weeks, touring and appearance schedules forced the process out over a matter of months. This Record Rewind is dedicated to their debut album, Parachutes, which splashed onto the scene in spectacular fashion in 2000. Is Coldplay breaking up? I am well and truly in the denial phase of the grieving process at even hearing the idea of this madness, and am choosing to use my little of the corner of the world to remind us all of happier times, when the band was starting out and there was no speak of this break-up blasphemy. ![]() Likening the record to the seventh and final Harry Potter book had the music world in a spin. The lead of the latter, Chris Martin, broke my heart this week by alluding to the idea that their next and seventh studio album, A Head Full Of Dreams, may indeed be their last. Parachutes is a timeless album that remains a staple of British alternative rock, showcasing Coldplay’s ability to craft emotional and impactful songs that resonate with audiences around the world.When you think of the biggest bands in our current world it’s an immediate and easy list to make. Other standout tracks include the melancholic “Trouble,” the uplifting “Don’t Panic,” and the reflective album closer “Everything’s Not Lost.” The album’s success propelled the band to international fame, earning them a spot as one of the biggest rock bands of the 2000s. The album’s lead single “Yellow” became an instant hit, reaching the top 5 in the UK and top 50 in the US. The album’s lyrics explore themes of love, longing, and personal struggles. The album’s sound is characterized by simple, yet powerful guitar melodies, gentle piano and strings, and Chris Martin’s emotive vocals. ![]() Can you add something? Please let us know! About ParachutesĬoldplay’s debut album Parachutes was released in 2000 and received critical acclaim, solidifying the band’s place in the British alternative rock scene. We don’t have any additional information about “Life Is For Living”. “Life Is For Living” is a hidden song by Coldplay from their album Parachutes. This adds some additional/different tastes & textures to the raw food that may entice your pet.Įnrichment toys and tools like a lick mat or a stuffed Toppl can keep dogs interested in their food (it becomes a game) and can entertain them as well! These are available at your local pet store. On the flip side, you may find it helpful to add a topper to food such as a small amount of goat’s milk or bone broth. Meals should be fed (when feeding 2 meals a day) at least 8 hours apart. ![]() This may mean you may need to eliminate treats or decrease the number of treats your dog is getting throughout the day or the meal toppers you are adding to their bowl. If your dog doesn’t want to eat, it could simply be that they are not hungry. Dogs trust their owners and are likely to trust new food more if it is being fed straight from the hand of a trusted companion. Hand feeding your dog can be a good way to introduce a new food to your dog (like when first transitioning to raw dog food from kibble). You can do this by leaving food out for 10-15 minutes before serving it or by mixing some warm water into the food. We suggest (especially when first introducing raw) to make sure the food is served at room temperature as opposed to the temperature straight from the fridge. So how do you get your picky dog to eat their food and get enough variety in their meals? We have some considerations and tips that you can try with your pet to entice your dog to eat at mealtime. Filling a treat-dispensing toy or a Kong toy with his meals could be more interesting to your active canine.įor more information, please read Finicky Dogs: How to Encourage Your Picky Dog to Eat.While there are many dog owners who claim that their dog will eat just about anything, there are many dog owners who struggle with picky eaters, and much like Goldilocks, they will only eat their food if it is “just right!” If your dog is a go-getter that doesn't slow down long enough to eat, you might want to make him work for his food.Also, don't spoil him so much that he becomes more finicky, as explained above. Be careful with this option too much "something extra" can lead to obesity. ![]() Mix the special additives throughout the food, to make it difficult for your pooch to pick out the goodies. Break up a dog biscuit in the food, add a little meat-flavored baby food, sprinkle in a small amount of shredded cheese, etc. Mixing something extra in the food can also be helpful.Stir the mixture around with your finger or a spoon and try to make sure there are no "hot spots" created by the microwave warming. You might try microwaving your finicky dog's moist food, or adding hot water to the dry food. Heating the food helps release the aromas that are appealing to your dog. Another trick that can help finicky dogs to eat is heating up the food.Adding small amounts of a moist food may be a better alternative to completely switching. Keep in mind if selecting a softer food, these foods can cause more tartar build-up on your dog's teeth, and they are generally more expensive. ![]() dry, for example, or you may choose lamb and rice rather than beef and rice. You may want to try feeding a semi-moist food vs. When changing foods, pick a new flavor or texture that may better suit his desires.Make the change over at least 2 to 3 days. This will prevent gastrointestinal upset. To do this, mix the old food in with small amounts of the new food, then slowly increase the new food and decrease the old. If you have been feeding your dog's current food for an extended period of time, he has always been finicky about eating it, and you feel that he is unhappy with the taste, then you could gradually change him to a new quality food.Here are some tips to help you deal with these dogs. ![]() Otherwise, it wouldn’t be trusted by so many people. Disadvantage #1: Free trial available only after sharing payment detailsĪs a platform with several million users, Hootsuite is undoubtedly worth its value. You can also connect a feature called Panoramiq Multiview, which allows you to track all brand mentions on Instagram (a similar tool is available for other channels, too). For instance, if you connect your Instagram account, you can schedule carousel posts. ![]() On top of that, integration with each social media platform has unique features. You can schedule posts across multiple networks, collaborate on the content schedule with your teammates, and interact with your followers via Social Inbox – a tool that collects all incoming DMs from your social media accounts. This feature helps social media managers run all profiles from one dashboard. You can also use the learning center with useful tutorials: And, if you get stuck somewhere, a friendly chatbot is there to guide you. If you look at the screenshot below, you will see that it’s very easy to jump between the features, browse your media assets, and schedule posts for the entire month ahead. Indeed, its dashboard has a very user-friendly interface. Later describes itself as a visual platform. Besides, users themselves point out several pros and cons of both platforms. However, since it’s a comparative article, we need to put these two solutions against each other. Both these platforms have the primary functions of content planning and scheduling, analytics, and brand monitoring. Later: Advantages and DisadvantagesĪs you might have noticed, there is little difference between Later and Hootsuite in terms of the features they offer. As of November 2021, you can also schedule emails and compare mention volume benchmarks, which helps understand how social media users see your brand. You can connect it to messengers like WhatsApp and manage live chat for more scalable customer care. ![]() Hootsuite integrates with Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, LinkedIn, Twitter, Pinterest, and TikTok. It helps you plan and schedule posts, interact with your followers, track social media performance, manage organic and paid content, run ads, and improve your online presence altogether.Įssentially, Hootsuite is a marketing toolkit with the following features: Hootsuite is a social media management solution with a user-friendly interface. ![]() ![]() The most common treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) reported with EXPAREL were nausea, constipation, and vomiting. Medication was administered into the surgical site in subjects undergoing hemorrhoidectomy, 3 5 inguinal hernia repair, 6,7 breast augmentation, 8,9 bunionectomy, 10 and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) In total, 823 subjects have been studied with EXPAREL administration into the surgical site via infiltration in a variety of surgical settings providing a robust safety database. 2 In addition eight Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials comparing EXPAREL to unencapsulated bupivacaine HCl have been conducted. The trial also met other secondary endpoints related to pain measurement and the use of opioid rescue medication. 1 In the Phase 3 bunionectomy trial, EXPAREL demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in pain at 24 hours (primary endpoint), and this reduction was also statistically significant at 36 hours (secondary endpoint). In addition, EXPAREL reduced the use of opioid rescue medication, including 45% less opioid usage compared with placebo at 72 hours (secondary endpoint). ![]() 2 In the Phase 3 hemorrhoidectomy trial, EXPAREL achieved a statistically significant 30% reduction in pain, as measured by the area under the curve (AUC) of the numeric rating scale at rest (NRS R) pain scores, at 72 hours (primary endpoint) and all additional time points measured up to 72 hours. The efficacy and safety of EXPAREL as a treatment for postsurgical pain following single dose local administration was established in 2 multicenter, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, pivotal Phase 3 clinical trials in subjects undergoing hemorrhoidectomy 1 or bunionectomy. After injection of EXPAREL into soft tissue, bupivacaine is released from the multivesicular liposomes providing effective local analgesia for up to 72 hours. 1 AMCP Dossier EXPAREL (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension)Ģ Contents 1 Executive Summary Clinical Benefits Conclusions Product Information and Disease Description6 2.1 Product Description Generic Name, Brand Name, and Therapeutic Class Dosage Forms, Strengths, and Package Sizes NDC for all Formulations WAC Cost per Unit AHFS or Other Drug Classification FDA Approved Indications Pharmacology Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics Contraindications Warnings/Precautions/Adverse Effects Interactions Specific Populations/Disease Dosing and Administration Access Co Prescribed/Concomitant Therapies Comparison Products Place of the Product in Therapy Disease Description Approaches to Treatment Relevant Treatment Guidelines and Consensus Statements From National and/or International Bodies Supporting Clinical Evidence Summarizing Key Clinical Studies Published and Unpublished Data and Clinical Studies Supporting Labelled Indications Clinical Studies Supporting Off label Indications (Administration Other Than by Wound Infiltration) Clinical Evidence Summary Table Summarizing of Evidence from Secondary Sources Integrated Analysis of Efficacy and Safety Integrated Cardiac Safety Analysis Economic Value and Modelling Report Modelling Overview References EXPAREL Dossier ģ 1 Executive Summary 1.1 Clinical Benefits EXPAREL is a liposome injection of bupivacaine, an amide type local anesthetic, indicated for single dose local administration into the surgical site to produce postsurgical analgesia. During the construction period, the borrower pays only the interest. The conversion process is automatic meaning a borrower will only need to be approved once, thus saving on closing costs. Construction-To-Permanent Loan - This type of loan allows the borrower to convert the short-term construction loan to a long-term mortgage once the construction is completed.The advantage of this type of loan is that you can shop around to find a lender that gives you a lower interest rate on the long-term mortgage. There are two application and loan approval processes involved with this type of loan, once for applying for the construction loan, and another for the long-term mortgage. After the construction is done, the borrower will need to apply for a traditional mortgage to pay off the construction loan or refinance it. Construction-Only Loan - A short-term loan that covers only the actual construction period, usually 1 year.Some loans require the borrower to pay off the loan once the project is completed, while others allow the borrower to refinance or get a new loan to pay off the construction loan.įollowing is a list of the different types of construction loans. Some construction loans allow a borrower to pay only the interest while the house is under construction. There are different types of construction loans, and each has a different requirement. Construction loans are short-term loans, and the term is usually for a year or two. The construction loan only covers the costs of building the house, the borrower will still need to get a mortgage after the house is built. Therefore, the interest rate for construction loans is higher. Lenders view construction loans as riskier than traditional mortgages as there is no asset to secure the mortgage while the house is being built. One can use a construction loan to build his dream home or investment property. The property could be a single-family, multi-family, commercial building, or an entire apartment. ![]() A construction loan is a short-term loan used to finance the construction of a real estate property. ![]() Spring will also start on March 19 in 2028, according to time-keeping website. The most recent March 19 first day of spring was in 1896. It is, however, the first time it's been on that day in over a century. Meteorologists and climatologists agree that the first real day of spring in the Northern Hemisphere should be March 1. ![]() The first day of spring is often March 20 or 21, but next year won't be the first time it's fallen on the 19th. The periodic shifting of the calendar due to leap years is the reason the official start of seasons shifts over a couple of days. Leap years are also the reason the spring equinox used to occur on March 21, versus March 20, in the previous century. 29 shifts the whole calendar, causing the spring equinox to occur on March 19 instead of March 20. ![]() Next year is one of these leap years, and the existence of Feb. "Eventually, in a few hundred years, July would actually take place in the cold winter months!" If we never had leap years, all those missing hours would add up into days, weeks and even months," the NASA website says. "Say that July is a warm, summer month where you live. The extra quarter of a day is not counted each year, but instead added up, so that every four years, February gains an extra day to make up those hours. The Earth takes 365.25 days to orbit the sun, which is rounded down to 365 days - the length of one year. The opposite tilt occurs in the Northern Hemisphere's summer, bringing warm weather to countries north of the equator.ĭuring spring and fall, the sun is shining equally on both the northern and southern hemispheres. Astronomical Applications department website reads.ĭuring winter in Canada, Earth is tilted on its axis diagonally, with the sun's rays hitting the Southern Hemisphere more directly, causing summer, the NASA website says. The orientation of the Earth's elliptical (meaning oval-shaped) orbit is shifting, as it "slowly" rotates on its axis, the U.S. WHAT HAPPENS TO EARTH DURING THE SPRING EQUINOX? On the first day of spring, the sun will be shining equally on both halves of the Earth, explains.īut next year, spring will come a whole calendar day early, with the first day falling on March 19, for the first time since the 1800s. The spring equinox occurs when the sun crosses the equator line going north, resulting in longer and warmer days for those living in the Northern Hemisphere. ![]() Known as the spring equinox, the day marks the end of winter, and brings hope for warmer weather. British Summer Time ends a few weeks after the autumn solstice.Spring is coming to Canada and officially begins March 20 at 5:24 p.m. The winter solstice more than halves this to an average of 7 hours and 49 minutes of daylight.īritish Summer Time (BST) falls in line with the spring equinox so we can make the most of the daylight hours we gain during these warmer months. On average the summer solstice which gives us the longest amount of daylight hours lasts roughly 16 hours and 38 minutes. This is when the earth is tilted and positioned in such a way in relation to the sun that we experience either the most amount of daylight hours or the least in a single day.įor us in the northern hemisphere we celebrate the summer solstice in June and the winter solstice in December. A solstice officially marks either the beginning of summer or the beginning of winter when the sun reaches is northernmost point or southernmost point. ![]() A Staatsliga B, the second division of national league football, was formed in 1950. ![]() The organization was in the hands of the Fußballstaatsliga Österreich, created for this purpose. At the statutory Presidential Election Council of the Austrian Football Association only a few days later a surprising turn took place – upon the request of Lower Austria, the introduction of the Staatsliga was finally and unanimously confirmed. A conflict between the representatives of the amateur and the professional aspects of the sport led to the separation of the Viennese league from the football federation, and to the establishment of its own competition on 30 June 1949. However, the road to organising the Staatsliga proved difficult. Only upon the introduction of the all-Austrian Staatsliga A in 1949 did teams from the whole federal territory finally play for the Austrian Championship. Klasse once more before changing to just Liga in 1946. The league returned to a Vienna-only format in 1945, briefly named 1. From 1941, the league was renamed Gauliga Donau-Alpenland to further eradicate the memory of Austria as an independent country.įollowing Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II and the disbandment of the NSRL, Austria's teams were excluded again from the German league. The league champions now qualified for the German football championship, which Rapid Wien won in 1941. The new highest league in what had been Austria, the Gauliga Ostmark, was an amateur league and covered the whole of the former country except Tyrol and Vorarlberg, which were added to the Bavarian league system. Finally, the operation of the junior teams was handed over to the local Hitlerjugend units. Teams, like Hakoah Wien were banned and others, like Austria Wien were first closed and then renamed. "Innovations" like the Hitler salute were introduced as compulsory before and after every game. Despised by Nazis as unworthy of a true German, professionalism in sports was outlawed in May 1938. The Austrian Nationalliga was integrated into the system of the NSRL, the Sports office of the Third Reich as the Gau XVII section under Gaufachwart Hans Janisch. Numerous teams were disbanded and some players fled out of the country. Īustria's annexation by Germany in 1938 brought the Austrian Nationalliga to an early end. Teams from the other states of Austria were first allowed to join the highest division with the introduction of the Nationalliga ( National League) in the season of 1937–38. Clubs from the professional league in Vienna were not part of this competition. In 1929, an all-Austrian amateur championship was first played, won by Grazer AK. From 1924, the league was considered professional and changed its name to I. Klasse ( First Class), was created and organized by the Niederösterreichischer Fußball-Verband (the Lower Austrian Football Federation), and the participants played for the title of Niederösterreichische Landesmeister (Lower Austrian National Champion). The competition for this championship, the 1. The efforts to create a football league succeeded in 1911, with the introduction of the first Austrian football championship. This cup was actually played in league format. From 1900 onwards, a cup competition was played in Vienna, the Neues Wiener Tagblatt Pokal. Around the turn of the twentieth century two attempts were made to start a national championship. The Austrian Football Bundesliga is currently known as Admiral Bundesliga for sponsorship reasons.įootball has been played in Austria since around 1890. Phillip Thonhauser is president of the Austrian Bundesliga. The current champions are Red Bull Salzburg. It has been won the most by the two Viennese giants Austria Wien, who were national champions 24 times, and Rapid Wien, who won the national title 32 times. The Austrian Bundesliga, which began in the 1974–75 season, has been a separate registered association since 1 December 1991. Since Austria stayed in sixteenth place in the UEFA association coefficient rankings at the end of the 2015–16 season, the league gained its first spot for the UEFA Champions League for the 2016–17 season. ![]() The competition decides the Austrian national football champions, as well the country's entrants for the various European cups run by UEFA. The Austrian Football Bundesliga ( German: Österreichische Fußball-Bundesliga, "Austrian Football Federal League"), also known as Admiral Bundesliga for sponsorship reasons, is the top level of the Austrian football league system. OneFootball (Selected international markets) ![]() Football league Austrian Football Bundesliga |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |